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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 10:17 pm
Time: 10:17 pm
Results for corruption and fraud
5 results foundAuthor: Great Britain. National Audit Office Title: Fraud landscape review Summary: The exact scale of fraud within government is unknown but excluding tax credit and benefit fraud, detected fraud in 2014-15 across government was equivalent to only 0.02% ($72.9 million) of total expenditure ($306 billion) according to a report by the National Audit Office. However there is a large disparity between what fraud and error is reported and what other available estimates suggest might be occurring which needs explaining. The UK government detected fraud figure of 0.02% of expenditure is significantly lower than some estimates of 3-5% in the EU and US. While these comparisons need to be treated with caution, it suggests there could be significant fraud and error which is unreported or undetected and losses which are not being adequately addressed. Given current fiscal challenges, reducing the level of fraud is one potential way of making savings while protecting services. Government lacks a clear understanding of the scale of the fraud problem and departments vary in their ability to identify and address fraud risks. The data that does exist is patchy, inconsistent and of variable quality. The most comprehensive data relates to areas of known risk - tax credit and benefit fraud - but information across the rest of government is clearly incomplete. It is difficult to formulate solutions if the scale and nature of the problem is unknown. The Cabinet Office has recently started collecting fraud returns from departments but there are gaps and inconsistencies in the data sets. What the data does indicate though is that departments are reporting less fraud loss than expected given the scale of expenditure and range of activities. Some submitted nil returns despite reporting cases of fraud elsewhere. The Cabinet Office is attempting to improve the quality of fraud information and raise departments' ability to address fraud risks. It is difficult to assess if government action is improving fraud detection or prevention because of the lack of data and absence of measures to evaluate performance. Most central activity to date has focussed on getting departments to recognise the risks and establish governance structures and processes to better identify and address fraud, which is a necessary first step to being able to evaluate success. Among the NAO recommendations are that departments should undertake thorough fraud risk assessments of all new policies/programmes and also improve the quality and completeness of fraud data. Once Cabinet Office is confident about the quality of this data, it should publish an annual report on fraud losses across government to improve transparency and raise awareness of fraud. Details: London: NAO, 2016. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: HC 850, Session 2015-16: Accessed March 2, 2016 at: https://www.nao.org.uk/report/fraud-landscape-review/ Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.nao.org.uk/report/fraud-landscape-review/ Shelf Number: 138019 Keywords: Corruption and FraudFraudPolitical Corruption |
Author: Kroll Title: The Year of Global Expansion and Enforcement: 2016 Anti-Bribery and Corruption Benchmarking Report Summary: Kroll, the global leader in risk mitigation and response solutions, today released its 2016 Anti-Bribery and Corruption Report ("ABC Report"), produced in conjunction with the Ethisphere Institute. As reflected in the ABC Report, 40 percent of all compliance officers surveyed believe their company's bribery and corruption risks will increase in 2016. These senior-level ethics and compliance professionals cited two primary factors as contributing to these increased risks: global expansion and an ever-increasing number of third party business relationships. One in four of those surveyed expressed no confidence in the ability of their company's current controls to detect third party violations of anti-corruption laws. This percentage - 25 percent - is an alarmingly high figure given the increasing number of third party relationships involved in business activities, as well as the large percentage of enforcement actions rooted in payments facilitated through third parties. On a positive note, the degree of board and senior executive engagement regarding anti-bribery and corruption matters is increasing, with over half of respondents stating that their board of directors plays an active role in programme development, and 48 percent saying the same of their CEO. The ABC Report data reveals that companies with engaged leadership teams are more likely to believe their bribery and corruption risks will remain the same or decrease in the coming year, and they display more confidence in their ability to handle risk. The ABC Report also includes the following findings: - 54% of respondents felt their business was not appropriately prepared to comply with global bribery and corruption risks - 47% felt they did not have enough resources to support their organization's anti-corruption efforts - Only 19% felt highly confident in their controls to detect third party violations of anti-corruption laws - 29% of respondents indicated that they are more concerned with personal liability than in prior years - 47% described their company's leadership as highly engaged in anti-bribery and corruption efforts - 86% identified the Chief Financial Officer and 66% identified the Chief Compliance Officer as the internal stakeholders primarily responsible for driving programme development - 48% of respondents do not conduct third party audits, and only 34% say they are providing training to third parties. Details: New York: Kroll, Inc., 2016. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 9, 2016 at: http://info.kroll.com/2016-abc-report Year: 2016 Country: International URL: http://info.kroll.com/2016-abc-report. Shelf Number: 138144 Keywords: BribesCorruption and FraudCrimes Against Businesses |
Author: Jeffray, Calum Title: On Tap Europe: Organised Crime and Illicit Trade in Greece: Country Report Summary: Organised crime in Greece has historically been presented as an external threat, and the country’s vast coastline is indeed vulnerable to small-scale smuggling of various illicit goods from overseas, while its two major ports are frequently targeted by smugglers. As a result, Greece is widely cited as a key entry point for illicit goods into Europe, with the majority of illicit trade occurring in the regions where the two biggest cities and ports – Athens and Thessaloniki – are located. Illicit trade is not seen as an isolated problem in Greece, but as part of a broader category of economic crimes. It is closely linked to tax evasion, corruption and fraud. However, specific information on the scale and the scope of illicit trade in Greece is limited and tends to be largely anecdotal, reflecting a lack of publicly available information on organised crime more broadly. Authorities suggest that the way in which criminals in Greece organise themselves has evolved from strict, hierarchical structures to a more flexible ‘enterprise model’ in which a network of smaller OCGs is established for a particular operation. Groups that smuggle goods tend to deal across multiple commodities, moving between products based on the profit that can be made at any one time, regardless of the risk. Some illicit markets seem to be growing: data show that legitimate tobacco and alcohol sales are both decreasing, but there has not been a similar reduction in consumer demand. This paper makes various key findings. First, the debt crisis that has affected Greece since 2008 has undeniably had an impact on local illicit markets, making the black market more attractive to some consumers and affecting the resources available to law enforcement authorities. Second, during this period of economic uncertainty, authorities have focused on tackling crimes that they believe have the biggest impact on state revenues, such as tax evasion, excise evasion, fraud, and bribery and corruption. Third, Greece has become an attractive hub for smuggling activity for various reasons, including its combination of remote and porous land borders and its long coastline, the scale of operations at the port of Piraeus, which makes monitoring the content of incoming containers a challenge, and because the country is in the Schengen Area, which means that the circulation of goods into the rest of Europe is relatively straightforward. Fourth, there is only limited information available on the scale and scope of organised crime activity, and of illicit trade in particular. Finally, identifying 'little and often' smuggling operations, whether by sea or by land, requires an excellent intelligence picture, which Greece has struggled to achieve. Details: London: Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, 2017. 51p. Source: Internet Resource: Occasional Paper; On Tap Europe Series No. 3: Accessed February 24, 2017 at: https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/201702_op_on_tap_europe3_greece.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Greece URL: https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/201702_op_on_tap_europe3_greece.pdf Shelf Number: 141207 Keywords: Corruption and FraudDrug Trafficking Illegal Tobacco Illicit Goods Illicit Trade Organized CrimeSmugglingTax Evasion |
Author: PriceWaterhouseCoopers Title: Pulling fraud out of the shadows: Global Economic Crime and Fraud Survey 1028 Summary: PwC's 2018 Global Economic Crime and Fraud Survey finds that 49% of global organisations say they've experienced economic crime in the past two years. But what about the other 51%? Have they avoided falling victim - or simply don't know about it? Since fraud hides in the shadows, one of the most powerful weapons in a fraudster's armoury is a lack of awareness within organisations. It's time for all businesses to recognise the true nature of the threat: not as just a nuisance or cost of doing business, but a shadow industry with tentacles in every country, sector and function Details: s.l.: PWC, 2018. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 12, 2018 at: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/services/advisory/forensics/economic-crime-survey.html Year: 2018 Country: International URL: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/services/advisory/forensics/economic-crime-survey.html Shelf Number: 149430 Keywords: Corruption and FraudEconomic CrimesFinancial CrimesWhite Collar Crime |
Author: Salcedo-Albaran, Eduardo Title: The Lava Jato Network: Corruption and Money Laundering in Brazil Summary: The "Lava Jato" Operation is an on-going Federal Police investigation executed for dismantling corruption and money laundering schemes that involved Petrobras, the Brazilian State-managed oil company, Electrobras, the Brazilian state-managed nuclear company, among other Brazilian public institutions. From 2014 to mid-2017, this operation has developed 41 phases of investigation involving various public and private companies, politicians, businesspersons, doleiros, and drug traffickers, among other types of agents. Since the initial complaint filed by Hermes Freitas Magnus, who owned the Brazilian company "Dunel", along with Maria Teodora Silva, a series of investigations began, which allowed identifying four large criminal groups led by the currency exchange operators Carlos Habib Chater, Alberto Youssef, Nelma Mitsue Penasso Kodama and Raul Henrique Srour. As a result of these investigations, Brazilian officials discovered that those four criminal organizations operated together between 2005 and 2014 to launder money through alliances between companies and to obtain contracts with Petrobras through bribe payments to public officers of the company, and politicians with the power of keeping the officials on their positions. The evidence gathered and analyzed for this report revealed a major scheme of corruption and money laundering in Brazil, involving more than 220 Brazilian and foreign companies, 170 business persons, and 100 public servants. Considering the institutional impact of the criminal scheme installed initially at Petrobras, and how it engaged on corruption across Latin America and money laundering across the Western Hemisphere and beyond, this document is the centralized analysis of this complex criminal structure, according to the sources listed below. This document has five sections. The first part is this introduction; the second is a description of the methodology and the concepts related to Social Network Analysis and additional protocols of analysis, which is the methodological approach herein applied; the third is a brief presentation of the criminal structure referenced here as "Petrobras Criminal Network", as well as the sources gathered and processed to model the structure; the fourth is an analysis of the characteristics of the criminal structure, which includes a description of the types of nodes/agents, the types of interactions established, and the nodes/agents concentrating direct interactions and the capacity to arbitrate resources across the network; and the fifth part includes conclusions related to the characteristics of the analyzed network. Details: Bogota, Colombia/Sao Paulo, Brazil: Humanitas360 and Vortex Foundation 2018. 106p. Source: Internet Resource: The Global Observatory of Transnational Criminal Networks - Working Paper No. 29. VORTEX Working Paper No. 43; Accessed May 11, 2018 at: http://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/522e46_fcb25fe62d8f4776982f1fc39200e1f2.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Brazil URL: http://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/522e46_fcb25fe62d8f4776982f1fc39200e1f2.pdf Shelf Number: 150158 Keywords: BriberyCorruption and FraudCriminal NetworksFinancial CrimeMoney Laundering |